FW
Seven African countries: Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Uganda, have conducted field trials on a broad range of biotech crops, including cotton. As of November 30, 2013, a total of 22 countries have granted regulatory approvals for 49 varieties of biotech cotton. Of these, the variety that has received the most number of approvals is insect resistant cotton MON531, which has received 36 approvals in 17 countries followed by insect resistant cotton MON1445 with 34 approvals in 15 countries.
Between 1996 and 2012, Bt cotton in China generated economic benefits valued at over $15 billion. Bt crops also provided important benefits to farmers and the environment in China, with insecticide use decreasing by 50 per cent or more on biotech cotton. Africa, too, continued to make progress in adopting and growing Bt cotton. Burkina Faso increased its Bt cotton hectares by over 50 per cent while Sudan tripled its Bt cotton from 20,000 hectares in 2012 to 62,000 hectares in 2013.
Production of Bt cotton grew both in India and China last year. India cultivated 11 million hectares of Bt cotton with an adoption rate of 95 per cent, while China grew 4.2 million hectares of Bt cotton with an adoption rate of 90 per cent.
Though the financial results of textile companies in Pakistan aren’t very encouraging, listed companies are looking to positive growth in earnings as they are witnessing the benefits of GSP+ status granted by EU. There has been a turnaround in stock prices of most companies with aggregate market capitalisation of the sector increasing to Rs 368 billion from Rs 274 billion less than four months ago.
GSP+ is a component of the EU Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) for developing countries. It offers additional trade incentives to developing countries already benefitting from GSP to implement core international conventions on human and labour rights, sustainable development and good governance. The scheme grants duty reductions on exports to the EU on some 6,000 tariff lines.
Pakistan players have affirmed that now they are focusing on manufacturing value added products to meet rising demand and GSP+ approval has opened a window of opportunity for the textile sector. Many have shifted their trade from Far Eastern countries to the EU since it fetches better prices.
As per official data, the textile industry contributed 53 per cent to total exports of $24.6 billion in the financial year 2013. However, experts feel to take advantage of the GSP+ status, government needs to look into issues like power and gas, negatively impacting the textile and apparel sector.
Trade.ec.europa.eu
The International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC) will hold its 73rd plenary meeting in Thessaloniki, Greece, from November 2 to 7, 2014. The themes to be covered range from sustainable production practices, climate change, exchange of germplasm and logistics to value addition and national branding. This annual event is one of the premier fixtures in the world cotton calendar.
Representatives from producing countries will discuss their experiences with national programs of responsible cotton production, including levels of farmer participation, challenges faced in establishing benchmarks of best practices, techniques of national-level data collection, use of sub-products and impacts on farm income. The aim is to develop an understanding of the prerequisites for textile industry growth that will allow government officials to determine whether increased mill use of cotton is feasible in their countries and the measures necessary to support increased mill use of cotton.
Analysis will be made of the characteristics of land transportation, banking, insurance, port facilities and marketing systems that will result in better performance. The topics to be explored include differences between generic promotion and promotion of cotton within identity programs or by national industries, techniques of brand establishment and experiences with national demand enhancement programs.
In 2013-14, world ending stocks are forecast to be 19.9 million tons, more than 2 million tons higher than last season and in 2014-15 world ending stocks are forecast to rise for another season to 20.8 million tons as production is expected to exceed consumption for the fifth season.
World cotton production is forecast to be 25.7 million tons in 2013-14, a decrease of 4 per cent from last season, and is expected to fall again in 2014-15 by 1 per cent to 25.3 million tons. World cotton mill use is projected to rise by 1 per cent this season to 23.6 million tons and by 3.5 percent in 2014-15 to 24.4 million tons due to continued economic growth in Asia, where much of the cotton consumption takes place.
Meanwhile China has announced that it would be implementing a target price program for cotton and soybeans. For cotton, the program will be limited to that grown in Xinjiang. The area outside of Xinjiang is expected to decline in 2014-15, and China’s overall area is expected to decline by 9 per cent from last season to 4.2 million hectares.
The United States and China have made changes in their cotton policies. The US has repealed the Direct Payments, Countercyclical Payments and Average Crop Revenue Election programs for all commodities and replaced them for upland cotton by the Stacked Income Protection Plan. This provides premium subsidies to upland cotton producers to purchase insurance policies that cover shallow revenue losses--those below the level generally covered by standard crop insurance policies.
To bail the sector out, the government established the Cotton, Textile and Garment (CTG) Revival Fund in 2006 to tackle the problem associated with funding in the industry. The fund began operation in 2009 and lent to textile manufacturers at about 6 per cent interest rate. But it has often been difficult for industry players to access the fund. CTG has on the whole failed to bail out wobbling textile companies.
Nigeria’s textile industry has suffered untold hardship owing to policy somersaults, poor research and development, lack of competition in supply of raw materials, smuggling and poor power supply, among others. Other issues are unbridled imports, smuggling, inability of government agencies to patronise local manufacturers, poor power supply and absence of black oil in northern Nigeria.
Investors from Pakistan are showing interest in reviving textile units in Nigeria. They have begun by physically inspecting some of the companies. Potential investors had been told of the challenges facing textile companies and they will have to map out strategies to deal with issues relating to cotton seedlings, which are essential raw materials used in the industry. They are also expected to pump in funds that will be able to raise machinery to world standards.
The South African clothing and textile industry is attempting to get back on track. In the past 15 to 20 years, the industry has shrunk as a result of retrenchments, factory closures and an influx of cheap imports. Between 2002 and 2012, the industry also suffered job losses as a result of poor training and a lack of investment by companies. The industry shrunk by 20 per cent in the past three years and job losses were estimated at 29, 500 between 2007 and 2010. But subsequently the number of jobs lost declined by 66 per cent between a 12-month period in 2010 and the corresponding period last year.
The government provided incentives to the clothing, textile, footwear and leather sector, where support was conditional on increased competitiveness. Production incentives fall under the Clothing and Textile Competitiveness Improvement Program, which helps companies improve competitiveness and pay for capital upgrading. This saved 63,000 jobs and created 8,000 additional jobs.
Over the last 20 years, local manufacturers paid, on an average, about 22 per cent in import duties for fabrics that were not available locally. They hope that a positive announcement about relief on fabric import duties would add to the stabilization. In the long term the government wants the local industry to become part of the global supply chain.
Intertextile Shanghai Home Textiles-Autumn Edition will be held from August 27 to 29, 2014. This is Asia’s largest home textiles trade fair. Promising economic figures out of China bode well for exhibitors at this year’s Intertextile Shanghai Home Textiles. In the first 10 months of 2013, the country’s imports and exports grew by 7.6 per cent compared to the corresponding period in the previous year. Meanwhile, domestic sales of mattresses rose by 24 per cent last year, compared to a worldwide average of just 9 per cent as consumers continue to spend more on foreign-branded home products. The strong demand in China for premium European products meant that last year exhibitors from 16 different European Union countries took part.
Beds and towels are a growth market in China at present. As incomes in the region rises, consumers are looking more for premium products in this category. German products are very popular with Chinese consumers. Decorative fabrics are also a key product group at the fair with over 70 per cent of all exhibitors last year falling within this category. This matches the high domestic demand for these items.
The fair focuses on more than just fabrics. There will be a ‘Carpet Zone’ featuring floor-covering exhibitors and wall coverings, sun protection systems and curtain accessory products. At the Intertextile Design Boutique is original artwork and creative designs for home textiles can. Last year, 46 studios from 14 countries and regions participated.
www.chinaexhibition.com
Cambodia's economy is totally dependent on the garment industry employing almost half a million workers and accounting for all of the nation’s exports. But of late, the industry is grappling with poverty and low wage issues culminating into strikes where armed security forces opened fire on striking workers in Phnom Penh injuring dozens. According to the data available with International Labour Organization (ILO), the country, last year achieved $5 billion worth of garment exports for the first time. The industry also holds importance not only because of its workers, most of whom are women supporting themselves but also because they send help to their families by transferring part of the wages earned. With the industry suffering from regular strikes and protests, many leading international apparel brands, who source from Camobodia have appealed to the government to resolve the wage issue and maintain peace.
Growing demand for higher wages
The situation continues to remain unsolved despite major labour organisations and brands pitching for solution. Brands have been appealed not only to raise a voice but to look into their own purchasing practices and take action to help the country resolve low wages issue.
Since brands tend to offer orders to those factories that provide a product at minimum possible cost, it ultimately results in factories offering low wages to their workers. Statutory minimum wages determined by national government and industry always fall short of workers’ demands. In the case of Cambodia, the government first offered to raise monthly pay from $80 to $95, then to $100. Striking workers, however, insist on minimum wage level of $160.
As per Asia Floor Wage, which has been campaigning for higher minimum wages across garment-producing countries in Asia, when the country is not able to offer expected or statutory minimum wages that are not high enough, multinational companies sourcing from that particular country must get involved to help the workers as well as country’s economy.
Brands appeal to authorities
Companies like American Eagle Outfitters, Gap and Levi Strauss & Co have sent an open letter to Cambodia’s government expressing their concerns over the recent violence. They also called for government, manufacturers and trade unions to develop a regularly-scheduled wage review mechanism. The companies have said that they would continue sourcing from Cambodia and urge for a peaceful resolution to end the unrest. They have expressed strong displeasure over violence, calling for negotiations among stakeholders to peacefully resolve the dispute.
However, the Washington-based International Labour Rights Forum has said that while it is commendable that brands are willing to speak up, further steps must be taken. It has urged brands and retailers to voluntarily pay higher prices for apparel products made in Cambodia, so that the factories are able to pay higher wages to its workers. The organization has also asked them to develop long-term relationships with suppliers instead of hobnobbing across countries looking for factories offering a product at lower rates, so they are able to have control on the offshore working conditions.
According to Asia Floor Wage, developing countries such as Bangladesh and Cambodia would be able to progress to the next economic level only when the issue of low wages is amicably resolved. And for that, it points out that garment-producing countries must take wage completely out of competition and start competing instead on logistics or raw material supplies.
www.ilo.org
www.asiafloorwage.org
Chile is said to be considering allowing duty free access to readymade garments from Bangladesh starting next year. This was reiterated by the Ambassador of Chile on his visit to Bangladesh. For now, Chilean businessmen have to pay six per cent duty on import of RMG items from Bangladesh and if the country allows duty free access then the volume of exports from Bangladesh would witness a significant rise. To increase trade in the Latin American market, a team of BGMEA had visited Brazil, Argentina and Mexico in 2011 and found good opportunity for exporting Bangladeshi goods especially RMG items.
Also now, Bangladeshi businessmen have to collect their Chilean Visa from New Delhi, India, so they have urged the Chile government to open a consulate office in Bangladesh keeping regular visits of both countries' businessmen in sight. As per the BGMEA data, Bangladesh exported RMG goods worth $15 million to Chile during the fiscal year 2012-13.
Except RMG items Chile has granted duty-free and quota-free market access to the Bangladeshi products in 2013 in order to strengthen bilateral trade between the two nations. The bilateral trade between the two countries stood at $30.37 million during the FY 2012- 13.
www.bgmea.com.bd
Bangladesh’s exports of jute and jute goods decreased dramatically in the current fiscal 2013-14 due to a depreciation of Indian rupee and sluggish demand in the world market. Export earnings have declined by more than 30 per cent.
India which used to buy about 60 per cent of the total raw jute from Bangladesh cut the level of its imports in the last few months. Iran has also slashed buying jute due to economic sanctions imposed by the western countries. In addition, the prevailing sour relations with Pakistan and the instability in Syria and Egypt, which are traditionally jute and jute goods importers, caused a decline in exports.
China, Vietnam and European countries - the other regular importers of local jute and jute goods- have opted for reduced imports. Besides political unrest in Bangladesh has also created shipment problems in exporting the finished jute goods, causing heavy financial losses to the jute sector.
Millers and exporters have urged the government to explore new markets for jute exports immediately. Jute producers, processors and exporters also want the government to increase local consumption of jute by implementing the Jute Packaging Act. Bangladesh enacted the Jute Packaging Act in 2010, but the law is yet to be implemented.
