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A new venture from a Dutch engineering and fossil fuel company, Reju plans to build a polyester recycling plant in the Netherlands, aiming for an impressive annual output equivalent to 300 million articles of clothing.
In just 18 months since its launch, Reju has already established a ‘Regeneration Hub Zero’ demonstration plant in Frankfurt, Germany, slated for official operation this year. Patrik Frisk, CEO and former CEO, Under Armor, notes, the company has secured partnerships with textile collectors and sorters, and engaged with over 100 brands and retailers to cultivate interest in its ‘Reju Polyester’ product across both American and European markets.
The initiative addresses a critical environmental challenge: polyester, a fossil fuel-derived fiber, now accounts for two-thirds of new clothing. Annually, the world produces 33 million metric tons of plastic-based fibers, yet a mere 3 per cent is recycled, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. This mounting waste problem is increasingly pressuring fashion brands and retailers, especially with the advent of extended producer responsibility (EPR) regulations in the European Union and California.
While several companies are investing heavily in creating a circular economy for polyester, Reju stands out due to its deep connection to parent company Technip Energies. With nearly 70 years in the polyester business, Technip Energies' technology is integral to 40 per cent of the world's steam crackers, which produce ethylene, a polyester building block. Reju leverages IBM’s VolCat technology, co-developed with Under Armor, capable of breaking down polyester molecules into monomers for rebuilding, even handling dyes and pigments.
Reju's efforts are a part of Technip Energies' broader transition towards a lower-carbon future. The startup is strategically targeting densely populated areas for post-consumer clothing waste, with plans for a new US plant and a garment recycling pilot with Goodwill and Waste Management. However, the company faces a key challenge to convince brands to pay a premium for recycled fibers until cost parity is achieved.
In a significant move to propel Uttar Pradesh towards a $1 trillion economy and establish it as a premier global investment hub, Invest UP and the Directorate of Handloom & Textiles, Uttar Pradesh, participated in Gartex Texprocess India 2025, held from May 22 -24, 2025 in Mumbai.
The event opened with Shashank Chaudhary, ACEO, Invest UP, highlighting Uttar Pradesh’s rapid economic transformation and its robust policy framework. He emphasized, under the visionary leadership of Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, the state is steadily advancing towards its $1 trillion economy goal. With its investor-friendly policies, Uttar Pradesh has emerged as one of India's most attractive investment destinations. Chaudhary also highlighted the state's strategic advantages, including a skilled workforce, robust infrastructure, and a textile policy focused on innovation and job creation.
Rich in textile heritage from Banarasi weaves to Lucknow’s chikankari, Uttar Pradesh is now blending tradition with modernity, Chaudhary stated. He pointed to the upcoming PM Mitra mega textile park in Lucknow and various incentives offered through the UP Textile and Garmenting Policy - 2022 as factors making Uttar Pradesh a promising center for textile manufacturing.
The inauguration was attended by key industry leaders and dignitaries, including Sanjay Savkare, Minister of Textiles, Government of Maharashtra. As a part of the event, KP Verma, Joint Commissioner, Handloom & Textiles, Government of Uttar Pradesh; and Anuruddha Kshatriya, General Manager, Invest UP, delivered a detailed presentation highlighting the incentives available under the UP Textile & Garment Policy - 2022. They showcased Uttar Pradesh’s dedication to fostering growth and investment in its textile sector.
Throughout the three-day event, senior officials from Invest UP and the Handloom & Textiles Department focused on highlighting the state’s investor-friendly ecosystem and the abundant opportunities within the textile and garment sectors. A key objective of this event was to facilitate partnerships and demonstrate the ease of doing business through streamlined single-window clearances, aiming to enable seamless industry establishment in the state.
A leading trade show for garment and textile machinery, Gartex Texprocess India featured over 125 exhibitors and 300 brands. Uttar Pradesh’s participation in the 2025 event reaffirms its commitment to industrial growth, textile innovation, and solidifying its position as a national leader in garment manufacturing.
Dune London, the British footwear and accessories brand under Apparel Group, has launched an exclusive line of handbag charms available only at its Dubai Mall flagship store.
The playful summer collection blends elegance with individuality, encouraging customers to add a personal touch to their accessories.
Each limited-edition charm is designed with fine attention to detail, featuring gold-tone hardware, a signature logo emblem, rope tassel, and a whimsical zip-up pouch shaped like summer fruits.
These charms serve as stylish companions, allowing fashion-forward shoppers to customize their bags and express their personality with flair.
Perfect for mixing and matching, the charms invite creativity and self-expression, making them a must-have seasonal accessory. With their vibrant designs and chic accents, the charms elevate everyday style into a playful fashion statement.
China’s textile and apparel exports showed modest growth in April 2025 despite heightened trade tensions due to new “reciprocal tariffs” imposed by the United States.
According to the General Administration of Customs, textile and apparel exports reached $24.19 billion, up 1.5 per cent year-on-year and 3.4 per cent month-on-month.
Textile exports rose by 3.4 per cent to $12.58 billion, while apparel exports slipped 0.5 per cent to $11.61 billion.
From January to April, cumulative exports in the sector totalled $90.47 billion, a 1.1 per cent increase over the same period last year. Textile exports accounted for $45.85 billion, rising 3.8 per cent, whereas apparel exports fell 1.5 per cent to $44.62 billion.
In yuan terms, January-April exports stood at 649.54 billion yuan, up 2.2 per cent year-on-year. While textile exports climbed 4.9 per cent, apparel dipped by 0.5 per cent.
The uneven trend reflects lingering global trade uncertainty and pressure on China’s apparel shipments.
Pakistan’s textile exports rose by 8.41 per cent to $14,834.390 million during the first ten months spanning July-April 2024-25 as against $13, 683.247 million during the same period in 2023-24, as per a report by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS).
During this period, Pakistan’s knitwear exports increased by 15.47 per cent to $4,118.227 million as against $3,566.624 million in the corresponding period last year. Bed wear exports by the country rose by 12.18 per cent to $2,569.214 million from $2,290.796 million.
Exports of other commodities including towels grew by 4.49 per cent to $903.331 million from $864.547 million. Meanwhile, exports of tents, canvas, and tarpaulin exports increased by 11.65 per cent to $109.002 million from $97.632 million. Readymade garments exports increased by 17.52 per cent to $3,394.188 million this year, compared to $2,888.177 million last year.
Similarly, exports of art, silk, and synthetic textiles grew by 9.74 per cent to $330.862 million from $301.496 million. Made-up articles (excluding towels and bed wear) exports increased by 9.10 per cent to $642.646 million from $589.025 million, while exports of other textile materials rose by 2.59 per cent to $610.866 million from $595.431 million.
However, exports of textile commodities including raw cotton plummeted by 98.45 per cent to $0.871 million from $56.086 million. Likewise, cotton yarn exports declined by 31.91 per cent to $576.016 million from $845.923 million, while exports of cotton carded or combed plunged by 99.28 per cent from $0.837 million to $0.006 million during the review period.
On a Y-o-Y basis, Pakistan’s textile exports decreased by 1.35 per cent to $1,220.655 million in April 2025 from $1,237.313 million in April 2024. On a month-over-month (M-o-M) basis, textile exports declined by 14.64 per cent in April 2025 compared to $1,430.003 million in March 2025, according to PBS data.
Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with two institutions; DigiProd Pass and Digital Architect to introduce blockchain-enabled Digital Product Passport (DPP) systems in the Bangladeshi garment industry.
This initiative marks a major step forward in the industry’s commitment to transparency, sustainability, and alignment with international regulatory standards, according to BGMEA.
The MoU was signed by Anwar Hossain, Administrator, BGMEA; Salauddin Sohag, Managing Director, DigiProd Pass and Dr Fahim Chowdhury, CEO, Digital Architect and Technovative Solutions.
The 24-month pilot project involves onboarding of selected garment manufacturers by BGMEA and coordinating data provision and integration support. The technical development and implementation of the DPP platform will be led by DigiProd Pass, while Digital Architect will serve as the local technology partner, delivering services such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), data collection, system deployment, training, and integration.
The pilot initiative seeks to evaluate the feasibility of designing, developing, and implementing a Digital Product Passport (DPP) - a digital tool aimed at enhancing traceability and accountability throughout the garment value chain. By capturing and sharing verified data on a product’s lifecycle, environmental footprint, and sustainability performance, the DPP is positioned to strengthen Bangladesh’s competitive edge in the global apparel market.
The urgency of this pilot project is highlighted by the fact that a very significant percentage (almost 60 per cent) of Bangladesh’s garment exports are destined for the European market, making the EU the country’s single largest apparel market. As compliance with evolving EU standards has become extremely essential, DPP is a fundamental requirement under the EU’s Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR). Adopted by the European Parliament in April 2024, DPP’s phased implementation will begin in 2026. This legislation will mandate that textile and other high-impact products entering the EU market carry a digital passport containing data on sustainability, durability, and environmental impact.
For Bangladesh, which is the second-largest garment exporter globally, embracing the DPP now is a strategic move to safeguard and secure its future access to the EU market.
This pilot project’s core objectives include evaluating the technical and operational viability of the DPP system, fostering transparency and traceability in garment production, supporting compliance with sustainability and regulatory standards, and training relevant stakeholders while assessing the system’s potential for broader industry-wide adoption.
Crocs Inc has promoted Terence Reilly to the role of Executive Vice President, Chief Brand Officer, effective immediately.
In this newly created position, Reilly will oversee the marketing and communications functions for both the Crocs and HeyDude brands. He will continue to report to Andrew Rees, CEO while collaborating with Anne Mehlman, Executive Vice President, Brand President for Crocs, as well as HeyDude brand leadership.
According to the Colorado-based company, Rees will serve as the interim president for the HeyDude brand alongside the brand's senior leadership team until a permanent structure is announced.
A seasoned brand expert, Reilly is renowned for its ability to build brands’ identities, connect them with relevant cultures, and foster consumer engagement and loyalty. Before rejoining Crocs in 2024, he served as president of drinkware firm Stanley Brand. Prior to his time at Stanley, Reilly was the Chief Marketing Officer at Crocs, Inc., holding various other marketing leadership roles from 2013 to 2020, after a career in senior-level marketing and leadership positions.
Since Terence rejoined Crocs, Inc. in 2024, the HeyDude brand has seen significant traction under his leadership. He has galvanized a team, sharpened the brand's strategic focus, and re-established authentic connections with its consumers, says Rees.
Earlier this month, driven by a rise in sales at its flagship brand, Crocs, Crocs Inc recorded a 1.4 per cent rise in revenue during Q1, FY25. However, this revenue growth was partially offset by the sales of the casual footwear brand HeyDude,whose revenues declined by 9.8 per cent to $176 million.
Reduced output in Maharashtra has led to the Cotton Association of India (CAI) downgrading its domestic production estimate for the 2024-25 season by 400,000 bales (each weighing 170 kg) to 29.13 million bales. This adjustment from the earlier projection of 29.53 million bales signals ongoing supply constraints.
The association estimates total cotton supply through the end of March to reach 30.683 million bales, which includes 2.5 million bales of imports and opening stocks of 3.019 million bales. As of March-end, stocks stood at 12.783 million bales, with 2.7 million bales held by mills and the remaining 10.083 million bales with the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI), Maharashtra Federation, and traders.
India's cotton imports are expected to more than double to 3.3 million bales, a significant increase from 1.52 million bales last season, amidst shrinking domestic production. Meanwhile, exports are projected to lower to 1.6 million bales, from 2.836 million bales in the previous season.
On the global front, the USDA reduced its world cotton production forecast by 69,000 bales due to lower output in Argentina and Cote d’Ivoire, despite increased production in China. Global consumption also saw a decline of 520,000 bales.
From a technical perspective, the market is experiencing short covering, with open interest decreasing by 5.82 per cent to 178. Support is identified at Rs 53,930, and a breach below this level could lead to a test of Rs 53,650.
US textile recycling company Circ plans to build the first of its kind facility to recover cotton and polyester from textile waste on an industrial scale. To be built with an investment of $500 million, the project will be supported by the French Government and the European Union.
To be located in Saint –Avold in Northeast France, the plant will begin operations in 2028 and process 70,000 metric tons of textile waste annually, creating 200 jobs.
The development will be funded through a combination of equity and debt. The €450 million ($504.09 million) plant will help secure grants and guarantees including the Strategic Projects Guarantee from the French state, says Peter Majeranowski, CEO.
According to Majeranowski, this plant will help EU create a ‘circular economy’ through increased recycling to reach its goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. It will be the world’s first industrial-scale polycotton recycling plant, he states.
According to a UN report, the fashion industry accounts for up to 10 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions and consumes more energy than the aviation and shipping industries combined. It's also a significant consumer and polluter of water.
A number of companies are developing technologies to recycle the millions of tons of polycotton waste generated each year. This comes amidst increasing demand from retailers eager to bolster their sustainability credentials and comply with stricter regulations.
Circ utilizes hydrothermal technology to break down polyester without harming the cotton, allowing both materials to be recovered and reused in the same process.
Clothing retailers Inditex and Patagonia have invested in Circ, and the company's recycled materials are already being used by brands such as Inditex-owned Zara.
Partners in the plant's construction include Worley, GEA, and Andritz. Circ aims to use this facility as a blueprint for future plants, notes Majeranowski. Metakeys: Circ, textile recycling plant, Saint-Avold, France,
Despite the narrative of a global apparel pivot away from China, the reality on the ground paints a different picture. Far from retreating, China is strategically leveraging a sophisticated web of state support to maintain and even enhance its formidable position in the global textile and apparel industry. This isn't merely about cheap labor; it's a calculated long-term strategy involving substantial financial steroids, upstream supply chain dominance, and a controversial yet integral role for regions like Xinjiang. The underlying goal is clear: to ensure the world continues to play on China's terms.
The Anatomy of Chinese Textile Subsidies: Breaking down the financial steroids
China's textile industry benefits from a multi-faceted approach to state support, effectively creating an environment where domestic producers can consistently undercut global competitors on price. These subsidies are not always direct cash handouts; they often manifest as a complex interplay of financial incentives and preferential policies.
Key forms of subsidies and their impact:
● VAT Export rebates: A significant portion of value-added tax (VAT) paid by Chinese textile manufacturers is rebated upon export. While the exact rebate percentages vary by product and policy, they serve as a substantial cost reduction mechanism for exporters.
● Subsidized energy and utilities: Chinese textile manufacturers often enjoy preferential rates for electricity, water, and other essential utilities. This lowers operational costs significantly, particularly for energy-intensive processes like dyeing and finishing.
● Free or heavily subsidized land: Local governments frequently offer free or extremely low-cost land leases to textile companies, especially in industrial zones designated for development.
● Cash grants and preferential loans: Direct cash grants are provided for technological upgrades, environmental compliance, and capacity expansion. State-owned banks offer preferential loans with lower interest rates and longer repayment periods.
● Infrastructure investment: The government invests heavily in infrastructure, including transportation networks, ports, and logistics hubs, further driving down supply chain costs for Chinese textile producers.
● Tax incentives: Beyond VAT rebates, various tax holidays, reduced corporate income tax rates, and other tax breaks are often extended to textile enterprises.
Case Study: Breaking the pricing inputs
Consider a scenario where a textile manufacturer in Bangladesh is calculating the cost of producing a cotton T-shirt. They must factor in the full market price for raw cotton, energy, land, and standard commercial loan rates. A Chinese competitor, however, benefits from:
● Raw material (Cotton): While China is a major cotton producer, the industry also imports. However, even domestically, cotton production in Xinjiang benefits from significant subsidies, including direct payments to farmers and incentives for cotton planting. This can depress the effective domestic price for mills.
● Energy costs: If the Bangladeshi manufacturer pays $0.12/kWh for electricity, the Chinese manufacturer might pay an effectively subsidized rate of $0.07/kWh. Over high-volume production, this translates into significant savings.
● Land costs: The Bangladeshi firm might incur a significant upfront cost for land acquisition or high rental fees. The Chinese firm might have acquired land for free or at a nominal cost, freeing up capital for other investments.
● Financing: A loan at 8% annual interest for the Bangladeshi firm could be a 3% or 4% loan for the Chinese firm, thanks to state-backed lending.
The table below provides a simplified and estimated breakdown for illustrative purposes.
|
Cost Component |
Estimated Cost for a Non-Chinese Manufacturer (USD/Unit) |
Estimated Cost Reduction/Benefit for a Chinese Manufacturer (USD/Unit) |
Estimated Effective Cost for a Chinese Manufacturer (USD/Unit) |
Explanation of Reduction/Benefit |
|
Raw Material (Cotton) |
0.8 |
-0.10 to -0.20 |
0.60 - 0.70 |
Subsidies for cotton farmers in China, particularly in Xinjiang |
|
Energy Costs (Electricity) |
0.15 |
-0.03 to -0.05 |
0.10 - 0.12 |
Preferential electricity rates,potential subsidies |
|
Land/Factory Rent |
0.1 |
-0.05 to -0.08 |
0.02 - 0.05 |
Free or heavily subsidized land lease, lower rental costs in government-designated industrial zones. |
|
Labor Costs |
0.3 |
(Relatively similar in some regions, but potential indirect benefits) |
0.28 - 0.30 (Note: Not a direct subsidy but part of overall cost structure) |
The overall lower cost of living and social welfare contributions can contribute to slightly lower effective labor costs in some areas. |
|
Financing Costs (Loan Interest) |
0.05 |
-0.01 to -0.02 |
0.03 - 0.04 |
Access to state-backed loans with lower interest rates |
|
VAT Export Rebate |
0.00 (not applicable) |
-0.10 to -0.13 (reduction upon export) |
-0.10 to -0.13 (net benefit) |
Rebate on theVAT paid during production |
|
Other Subsidies/Grants |
0.00 (not applicable) |
-0.02 to -0.05 |
-0.02 to -0.05 (net benefit) |
Direct cash grants for technological upgrades, environmental compliance, R&D, and operating in specific economic zones. |
|
Logistics & Infrastructure |
0.08 |
-0.01 to -0.02 (indirect benefit) |
0.06 - 0.07 |
Ports, transportation partly funded by the state |
|
Estimated Total Cost |
1.53 |
-0.32 to -0.55 (Net Reduction) |
0.98 - 1.21 |
This illustrative table demonstrates reduced/effective production cost for a Chinese textile manufacturer |
These combined advantages allow Chinese manufacturers to offer prices that are simply unsustainable for their global counterparts.
Upstream Dominance: The invisible hand of the supply chain
China's strategic genius extends beyond direct manufacturing subsidies to its formidable control of the upstream textile supply chain. Even if brands try to diversify their apparel production to countries like Vietnam or Bangladesh, they often remain reliant on Chinese-made yarns, fabrics, and specialized components.
This upstream dominance creates a dependency, allowing China to exert continued influence over global textile pricing, even for garments assembled elsewhere.
Xinjiang: A controversial locus of state-funded growth
The role of Xinjiang in China's textile strategy is particularly contentious. Despite international condemnation and bans due to allegations of forced labor, the region remains a cornerstone of China's cotton and textile production.
The U.S. Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) aims to block imports made with forced labor from Xinjiang. However, the pervasive nature of state-supported production in the region, coupled with the difficulty of auditing supply chains in such an environment, makes enforcement challenging.
Data Insights and trends:
We can observe overarching trends and historical patterns that underscore China's strategic approach.
Table 1: China's Textile & Garment Export Performance (Q1 2025 vs. Q1 2024)
|
Category |
Q1 2025 Export Value (Billion USD) |
Q1 2024 Export Value (Billion USD) |
YoY Growth (%) |
|
Total T&G Exports |
66.281 |
65.651 |
+0.95% |
|
Textile Exports |
33.269 |
32 |
+4.0% |
|
Garment Exports |
33.012 (estimated) |
33.651 (estimated) |
-1.90% |
Source: General Administration of Customs, China
This data for early 2025 indicates a slight overall increase in textile and garment exports, driven primarily by textile exports (yarn, fabric, etc.), while garment exports show a slight decline. This further supports the notion of China's focus on upstream dominance.
China's Broader Economic Strategy: Beyond textiles
China's textile strategy is an integral part of its larger economic game plan to maintain global competitiveness. The approach is multifaceted that includes initiatives such as "Made in China 2025" , "Industrial Foundation" and "Manufacturing Powerhouse" initiatives, Focus on Specialised SMEs ("Little Giants"), Export Diversification and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Strengthening State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and Resilient Cities and Infrastructure Investment
A game of enduring influence
China's strategy to keep its textile industry afloat, and indeed dominant, is a sophisticated and multi-pronged approach that goes far beyond mere competitive pricing. It's a testament to deep state involvement, strategic investment in the entire value chain, and a willingness to leverage controversial regions like Xinjiang for economic gain. While Western nations grapple with tariffs, incentive programs, and human rights concerns, China continues to solidify its position as the undisputed powerhouse of the global textile industry.
The question isn't whether China plays fair, but whether the rest of the world can afford to keep playing by rules that are increasingly skewed.
