The natural silk industry in Cambodia is on the verge of extinction. The widespread use of pesticides has damaged the health of silkworms. Thus producers have had to rely on imported synthetic fibers to meet demand. Global demand for silk in recent years has remained between 300 and 400 tons but the production of natural silk in Cambodia has continued to fall, and now it’s only one ton a year. The problem lies in the extensive use of chemicals on farms. Villages use chemicals on their rice crops, and in agriculture, which badly affect the silkworms. Silkworms living in polluted environments produce poor quality and smaller amounts of silk. An unhealthy silkworm produces up to 100 meters of threads in its lifetime. A healthy silkworm can produce nearly five times that. The Cambodian hand-woven silk industry is characterized by strong skills base and a long traditional heritage. Weaving and wearing silk is a cultural and social tradition in Cambodia. Silk is a prestigious fabric and very popular among Cambodians. The country is known for its silk handicrafts. Silk is a significant item in the country’s export basket and is an important source of employment for women and households in rural areas.