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Zimbabwe's clothing industry continues to deteriorate due to high costs of production, antiquated machinery and the influx of cheap clothing and fabrics. Sustained erosion of incomes has forced Zimbabweans to resort to cheap imports, including second hand clothes.
There are 64 million tons of second hand clothes from overseas waiting to be dumped in Africa. The industry wants a ban on cheap clothing imports, which would cushion it from unfair competition. The textile and clothing subsectors play a major role in Zimbabwe. They provide vital commodities such as shirts, trousers, suits, dresses, hats, stockings, underwear, blankets and towels.
There are concerns revenue officials are working in cahoots with cartels involved in the smuggling of goods into the country. Cotton production has been falling in Zimbabwe over the years, forcing farmers to resort to cash crops. Tumbling cotton prices have made it unattractive in comparison with other cash crops such as tobacco. At its peak in 2012, cotton production by small scale farmers was at 660 million bales.
The period 2000 to 2010 was the most difficult for the textile and clothing sectors. A number of companies closed and a number of people employed by this sector lost their jobs.
An orientation program for NERLP students was held on October 22, 2016. The program was coordinated by business head and project leader, MSPL, Neera Chandra.
It was presided over by Anita Gupta OSD, SICB, Govt. of Sikkim, as the chief guest for the program. The first panel of speakers included Krishan Gaur, head, special projects, NSDC, Harmeet Singh Bedi, senior merchandiser, MEPL, with 25 years of experience, Ginni Gulati, senior operation manager, MEPL, with 20 years of experience, Uday Singh, senior fabric sourcing manager, MEPL, with 20 years of experience.
After a light high tea the second panel of speakers included some eminent people from industry. Animesh Saxena, CEO Neeti Clothing, elaborated and guided students on how to settle in work conditions of Delhi.
Mridula Lall, country manager, India and China, Indisca, spoke about the job role of merchandiser and gave an insight into careers and the scope of growth in fashion merchandising.
Arunav Gogoi, designer, MEPL, with 15 years of experience and a native of Assam, shared his experience about settling in Delhi and guided the students to come out of pre-conceived prejudices and be open to work anywhere in India.
Manuj Nagpal spoke about the domestic fashion business and merchandising. Students were inducted by Deepika Gupta, soft skill trainer, MSPL. This was followed by distribution of study material and special trainee kit bags to students. Vineet Lall, director Modelama Skills, concluded the ceremony by thanking the guest for gracing the occasion and summarizing the useful guidance to the students. The whole event was covered by special apparel magazines, that is, Apparel Online and Fashionating World.
"With sustainability taking centerstage, businesses must rethink on their strategy, supply chain, distribution and transparency. These sentiments were echoed during the 5th Annual Organic Cotton Roundtable (OCRT). Close to 230 thought leaders, farmers, textile and fashion industry executives were a part of this conference. Clear initiatives were focussed on seeds and soils, business models, and consumer engagement as material ways to move the organic sector forward."
With sustainability taking centerstage, businesses must rethink on their strategy, supply chain, distribution and transparency. These sentiments were echoed during the 5th Annual Organic Cotton Roundtable (OCRT). Close to 230 thought leaders, farmers, textile and fashion industry executives were a part of this conference. Clear initiatives were focussed on seeds and soils, business models, and consumer engagement as material ways to move the organic sector forward.
“Organic agriculture with its principles of health, ecology, fairness and care not only reminds us of what really matters but also shines a light on how to get there,” said Liesl Truscott, Director of Fiber & Materials Strategy at Textile Exchange, organisers of the OCRT.
Leo Johnson, Partner in PwC’s Sustainability & Climate Change team, introduced the concept of ‘massive small’, mobilising people’s latent creativity, harnessing the collective power of many small ideas and actions. In his keynote, Johnson talked about progressive economics in an age of climate change and the links between progressive economics and the principles underpinning organic agriculture. He asked, “Can organic cotton change the course of business?”
Bob Bejan, GM-Global Communications Strategy, Microsoft, highlighted, “Through the sharing of stories, we can be inspired and more deeply motivated to solve the big ‘wicked’ questions of our time.” US company, Patagonia, regarded as one of the best adventure tales of our time, is always ready to push the boundaries of storytelling. Rachel Cantu, VP Global Supply Chain, spoke of organic regenerative agriculture – which for a clothing brand is very cool. "Conventional agriculture deprives soil of nutrients, requires more water and generates a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions globally. Organic regenerative farming makes for healthy soil, a healthy planet and healthy people,” says Cantu.
The OCRT is shifting the conversation from ‘commodity’ to ‘community’ and the interactive sessions during the day were power-packed. “Conversations begin during the day and continue over dinner. Relationships, and a sense of community, are central to the success of the OCRT. Each year just gets better and better,” says Liesl.
Back home, the OCRT community will work within Task Forces to take the early plans hatched on the day for regional sourcing hubs, a global consumer strategy, and a tool for incentivising best practice and data collection, from concept to reality. Both the Organic Cotton Accelerator (OCA) and the Chetna Coalition are earlier success stories for the OCRT. The OCRT is fulfilling its promise as a platform for all and an incubator for great ideas. In Hamburg, the OCRT took another step toward creating a movement. A movement of the Massive Small!
The textile sector in Surat doesn’t expect to be affected much by the decision to scrap Rs 500 and Rs1000 denomination notes. This is because the industry has started to do business mainly by cheques. No major cash transactions take place in this sector. Surat’s textile sector does an annual business of Rs 50,000 crores based mainly on cheques discounting and the credit system. Surat has 150 textile markets with 60,000 traders who have a daily turnover of Rs 130 crores. In the short term the sector could face a liquidity crisis, but things will be on track soon with its credit supply chain working.
However, a dyeing mill owner says a cash crisis during the festive season can lead to a negative sentiment and that a problem can arise at the time of giving salaries to workers. A textile trader expects no trade due to cash crunch for at least two months.
Surat is well known for its synthetic products market. The textile industry in Surat is mainly engaged in the activities of yarn production, weaving, processing as well as embroidery. Nearly 30 million meters of raw fabric and 25 million meters of processed fabric are produced in Surat daily.
Pakistan is hoping to sign a free trade agreement with Thailand. The countries have already had four rounds of negotiations. The next round will be on November 15 to 18, 2016, in Thailand. Matters that have been discussed relate to trade in goods, rules of origin, technical barriers to trade, trade remedies, customs procedures, legal and institutional issues and trade facilitation. What remains are discussions on investment, intellectual property rights, trade in services and competition.
The trade volume between Pakistan and Thailand stood at 952 million dollars at the end of 2015-16. Pakistan’s exports constitute107 million dollars while imports amount to 845 million dollars.
Among Pakistan’s exports to Thailand are fish and fish preparations, cotton fabrics for women, paper and paper board, raw cotton, cotton yarn, leather, medical and pharmaceutical products, material of animal origin, medical and surgical instruments, chemical elements and compounds. Pakistan already has free trade agreements with Malaysia and Indonesia.
Meanwhile Pakistan is going to access non-traditional trade markets of the world and liberalise its trade environment, which will ensure sustained economic growth. While negotiating a free trade agreement with Thailand, Pakistan is also looking to access a huge untapped market in the east Asian region.
Myanmar’s garment export earnings increased to $940 million in the year to mid-October up from $409 million in the corresponding period last year. Increase in earnings was mainly because of a rise in exports to Japan and European Union. Japan accounted for about a third of the country’s garment exports; EU and South Korea were 25 per cent each; and the United States and China accounted for 2.4 per cent each.
Exports to the EU increased from €345 million in 2013 to €548 million in 2015. The garment industry in Myanmar employs more than 3, 00,000 workers in 389 factories; of which 171 are Myanmar-owned, 196 foreign-owned and the rest are joint ventures.
Myanmar’s garment sector is flourishing as the last low-cost production frontier for factory relocation and diversification in Southeast Asia. China has long been the world’s top garment exporter. In recent years, however, production costs in China have soared along with a surge in wages. This, together with the difficulty in hiring garment workers and shift towards higher value-added industries, has driven many garment manufacturers to relocate to Myanmar. Chinese minimum wages are way above those in Asean countries, while those in Myanmar are the lowest in Asean.
South Asia Textiles is one of Sri Lanka’s largest weft knitted fabric manufacturers. The company is investing heavily in latest circular knitting technology. South Asia Textiles intends to invest in aerodynamic air-flow textile dye equipment to reduce water use; a continuous washer which saves water consumption up to 40 per cent; and a modern, fully automated 10 chamber stenter which enhances efficiency and fabric quality.
The investment also includes new printing machines and finishing equipment. The aim is to create a sustainable factory project within a year. This large scale expansion will allow South Asia Textiles to reach a completely new dimension in textile manufacturing in Sri Lanka. Not only will it facilitate extensive benefits to local apparel manufacturers in terms of speed and flexibility, it will also result in a greater availability of the latest fabric styles and colors, in keeping with international trends.
Success in achieving zero discharge of hazardous chemicals has added strength in keeping with international requirements and standards. South Asia currently produces around 7, 00,000 kg of fabric per month including dyed fabric, printed fabric and brushed or suede fabric of yarn dyed fabric. At the moment, the plant operates 115 circular and eight flat knitting machines with about 60 per cent of the former being double jersey machines and the remainder single jersey.
Children are working across the clothing industry supply chain, from cotton fields to mills to garment factories in developing countries. Up to 99 per cent of the world’s cotton farmers are in developing countries, with nearly two-thirds in India and China. The children working in these cotton fields receive little if any pay.
Child labor in India’s cotton sector is particularly prevalent. Almost half a million Indian children, with the majority being girls belonging to dalit and adivasi families, work on cotton seed farms. Children under 14 years account for almost 25 per cent of the total workforce on cotton seed farms in India. In Gujarat, which has the largest cotton seed production in India, children account for almost 55 per cent of all children employed in the cotton sector. Children are used to pick cotton because they are of the same height as cotton plants.
A number of factors contribute to child labor in India. One is that it is socialized and therefore accepted. Poverty and illiteracy are two other factors. When parents are trapped in dire poverty, their children are more likely to work in the garment sector and cotton fields. Poverty and a lack of livelihood options lead to a child’s need to contribute to the family income.
In the sideline of the 5th Bangladesh Denim Expo, three panel discussions, two knowledge sessions and one technical workshop were held. Participating in the panel discussions, denim manufacturers said Bangladesh’s denim industry needs technology support and low cost loans. Manufacturers also urged global brands to give fair price to their products. Issues confronting Bangladesh denim industry Taking part at a panel discussion on second day, Bangladesh’s leading denim manufacturer Envoy Group Managing Director Abdus Salam Murshedy said Bangladesh’s denim industry is in dire need of high quality washing factories. “Our denim industry has earned a good position in the international arena. Now our challenge is to produce high quality fashion denim. We need modern washing factories for that. We have to modernize our washing factories,” he said. “For that, our industry needs low cost loans,” he added. Murshedy urged buyers to give “ethical price” to the manufacturers.
Asif Ibrahim, Vice Chairman of New Age group, said as China is shifting its focus from clothing industry, many orders might come to Bangladesh, Vietnam and other countries and investment will be a big issue for Bangladesh’s industry. Similarly, Mahbub ur Rahman, Deputy CEO of HSBC Bangladesh pointed out access to loans is available for garment factories but companies must ensure financial documentation.
Taking part in the discussion, global brand H&M regional head (Bangladesh and Pakistan) Roger Hubert said that Bangladesh’s denim industry needs to invest on technology. He said the industry needs education, skill development and loans. Roger put special emphasis on using water and said denim factories should have a strategy of water consumption, “How you wash your products is important to us” he said. H&M is working with manufacturing partners to make Bangladesh’s garment industry environmental friendly.
Leoni Cuelenaere, Ambassador of Kingdom of Netherlands to Bangladesh, said her country wants to see a safer and cleaner garment industry in Bangladesh. She said the industry should be concerned about labor circumstances. “Employees of your factories are your capital. You should keep your employees happy,” she said. On second day, another panel discussion was held on ‘Branding Bangladesh through denim’. Taking part in the discussion, Shantanu Shing, General Manager, C&A Sourcing said denim can be a good way to brand Bangladesh. He said that there are lots of opportunities for medium suppliers. On similar lines, Jochen Weikert, Programme Coordinator of GIZ RMG project said Bangladesh needs to create some role models and produce high quality niche products. Talking about growing concerns about safety issues in RMG units, Nazneen Ahmed, Senior Research Fellow of BIDS said that despite the bad image created by Rana Plaza tragedy, Bangladesh’s garment industry is rising and that shows the strength of the industry. Former BGMEA president Atiqul Islam said Bangladesh’s garment industry should work in a way that it can give a message to the world that Bangladesh’s garment industry is the best. Agreeing with view, French ambassador to Bangladesh, Sophie Aubert said Bangladesh’s garment industry is going through a transition and her government is working with the country to improve working conditions and other issues.
Apparel Training and Design Centre (ATDC) has signed a MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) with the Uttar Pradesh Skill Development Mission (UPSDM). The aim is to advance skill sector in the state by offering 24 courses with the target to uplift 8,000 unemployed youth in the next three years in all UP centers i.e Noida, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Agra, Unnao, Lucknow, Pratapgarh, Barabanki, Barailly, Shahjahanpur, Varanasi, Ajamgarh and Kannauj.
ATDC is in the process of upgrading the Lucknow center to an ATDC hub having the capacity to train 600 candidates per annum in skill development courses in the near future. ATDC will provide youngsters training in apparel design and 80 per cent of the young people will be provided employment.
ATDC is India’s largest vocational training network for the apparel sector with over 200 ATDCs including 65 ATDC vocational institutes and over 135 ATDC- Smart centers and skill camps present in major apparel clusters spread across 23 states including two centers in the northeast. The mission is to upgrade the technical skills of the human resources employed in the garment industry.
ATDC provides training for jobs such as sewing machine operator, pattern engineer, machine technician/ mechanic, surface ornamentation specialist, apparel production supervisor, quality controller, industrial engineer etc.
